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What are people using AI models for? Despite the rapid growth in popularity of large language models, we still know very little about what they are used for.
This isn’t just out of curiosity, or even sociological research. Understanding how people actually use language models is important for security reasons: providers put a lot of effort into pre-deployment testing and use trust and safety systems to prevent misuse. But the scale and diversity of language models makes it hard to understand what they are used for (not to mention any kind of comprehensive security monitoring).
There’s another key factor that prevents us from having a clear understanding of how  AI models are used: privacy. At Anthropic, our Claude model is not trained on user conversations by default, and we take protecting our users’ data very seriously. So how do we study and observe how our systems are used while strictly protecting our users’ privacy?
Cl aude Insights and Observations (“Clio” for short) is our attempt to answer this question. Clio is an automated analytics tool that performs privacy-preserving analysis of real-world language model usage. It gives us insight into everyday usage at claude.ai in a similar way to tools like Google Trends. It’s already helping us improve our security measures. In this post (with the full research paper attached), we describe Clio and some of its initial results.
How Clio Works: Privacy-Preserving Analytics at Scale
Traditional top-down security approaches (such as assessments and red teams) rely on knowing what to look for in advance. Clio takes a different approach, enabling bottom-up pattern discovery by distilling conversations into abstract, understandable clusters of topics. It does this while protecting user privacy: data is automatically anonymized and aggregated, and only higher-level clusters are visible to human analysts.
All of our privacy protections are extensively tested, as described in our research paper.
How People Use Claude: Insights from ClioUsing Clio, we were able to gain insight into how people use claude.ai in practice. While public datasets such as WildChat and LMSYS-Chat-1M provide useful information about how people use language models, they only capture specific contexts and use cases. Clio gives us a glimpse into the full real-world usage of claude.ai (which may differ from other  AI systems due to differences in user base and model type).
Summary of Clio’s analysis steps, illustrated using fictional examples of conversations.
Here’s a brief overview of Clio’s multi-stage process:
Extracting Aspects: For each conversation, Clio extracts multiple “aspects” — specific properties or metadata, such as the topic of the conversation, the number of back-and-forths in the conversation, or the language used.
Semantic Clustering: Similar conversations are automatically grouped based on topics or general themes.
Cluster Descriptions: Each cluster receives a descriptive title and summary that captures common themes from the raw data while excluding private information.
Building Hierarchies: Clusters are organized into multi-level hierarchies for easier exploration. They can then be presented in an interactive interface that a human factors analyst can use to explore patterns along different dimensions (topics, language, etc.).
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DeepSeek shocked the tech world last month. There’s a reason for that, according to AI experts, who say we’re likely just seeing the beginning of the Chinese tech startup’s influence in the field.
In late January, DeepSeek made headlines with its R1 AI model, which the company said roughly matched the performance of Open AI’s O1 model but cost a fraction of the price. DeepSeek briefly replaced ChatGPT as the top app in Apple’s App Store, sending tech stocks tumbling.
The achievement prompted U.S. tech giants to question America’s place in the AI ​​race with China, and the billions of dollars behind those efforts. While Vice President JD Vance didn’t mention DeepSeek or China by name during his speech at the AI  ​​Action Summit in Paris on Tuesday, he did emphasize the importance of America’s lead in the field.
“The United States is a leader in AI , and our government plans to keep it that way,” he said, but added that “the United States wants to work with other countries.”
But there’s more to DeepSeek’s efficiency and capabilities than that. Experts say DeepSeek R1’s ability to reason and “think” answers to deliver high-quality results, combined with the company’s decision to make key parts of its technology public, will drive growth in the field.
While AI has long been used in tech products, it has reached a tipping point in the past two years thanks to the rise of ChatGPT and other generative AI  services that have reshaped how people work, communicate and find information. It’s made companies like chipmaker Nvidia Wall Street darlings and upended the trajectory of Silicon Valley giants. So any development that helps build more powerful and efficient models is sure to be closely watched.
“This is definitely not hype,” said Oren Etzioni, former CEO of the Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence. “But it’s also a world that’s changing very quickly.”
AI’s TikTok Moment
Tech leaders were quick to react to DeepSeek’s rise. Demis Hassabis, CEO of Google DeepMind, called the hype around DeepSeek “overblown,” but he also said the model was “probably the best work I’ve seen in China,” according to CNBC.
Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella said on the company’s quarterly earnings call in January that DeepSeek had some “real innovation,” while Apple CEO Tim Cook said on the iPhone maker’s earnings call that “innovation that drives efficiency is a good thing.”
But the attention isn’t all positive. Semiconductor research firm SemiAnalysis cast doubt on DeepSeek’s claim that it cost just $5.6 million to train. OpenAI told the Financial Times it found evidence that DeepSeek used the U.S. company’s models to train its own competitors.
“We are aware of and are reviewing indications that DeepSeek may have improperly improved our models, and we will share that information once we learn more,” an OpenAI spokesperson told CNN in a statement. DeepSeek was not immediately available for comment.
Two U.S. lawmakers called for a ban on the app on government devices after security researchers highlighted its possible links to the Chinese government, according to the Associated Press and ABC. Similar concerns have been raised about the popular social media app TikTok, which must be sold to a U.S. owner or risk being banned in the U.S.
“DeepSeek is the TikTok of (large language models),” Etzioni said.
How DeepSeek impressed the tech worldTech giants are already thinking about how DeepSeek’s technology will impact their products and services.
“DeepSeek basically gave us a solution in the form of a technical paper, but they didn’t provide the additional missing pieces,” said Lewis Tunstall, a senior research scientist at Hugging Face, an AI platform that provides tools for developers.
Tunstall is leading Hugging Face’s efforts to fully open source DeepSeek’s R1 model; while DeepSeek provided the research paper and model parameters, it did not reveal the code or training data.
Nadella said on Microsoft’s earnings call that Windows Copilot+ PCs (i.e. PCs built to specific specifications to support AI models) will be able to run AI models extracted from DeepSeek R1 locally. Mobile chip maker Qualcomm said on Tuesday that models extracted from DeepSeek R1 were running on smartphones and PCs equipped with its chips within a week.
AI researchers, academics and developers are still exploring what DeepSeek means for AI progress.
DeepSeek’s model isn’t the only open source model, nor is it the first that can reason about an answer before responding; OpenAI’s o1 model, which launched last year, can do that, too.
What makes DeepSeek so important is its ability to reason and learn from other models, and theAI community can see what’s going on behind the scenes. Those who use the R1 model in the DeepSeek app can also see how it “thinks” as it answers questions.
“You can see the wheels turning inside the machine,” Durga Malladi, senior vice president and general manager of technology planning and edge solutions at Qualcomm, told CNN.

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An important milestone in the deployment of Apple intelligence in the United States, this iOS update still does not introduce AI on the European version of the iPhone.
We know what to expect, but impatience is the norm. While the American version of the iPhone can already benefit from numerous features related to artificial intelligence, in France, Apple intelligence will not show the end of its code until April at the latest. This does not prevent iOS 18.3, which has been launched on compatible smartphones since January 27, from offering some useful features. What does iOS 18.3 bring?
iOS 18.3 is not as harmful as it seems. At least in the United States, it brings the much-anticipated visual intelligence, Apple’s answer to Google Lens, which allows you to get information about objects, monuments, animals, just by putting them in the camera frame. Yes, it’s Pokémon. Too bad for us, we will have to wait a few months to find out.
The latest version of iOS is also the one that implements the deployment of Apple intelligence. Until now, Apple’s AI has been optional and enabled at the discretion of the user, now it will be enabled by default. To do this, iPhone users will have to go to Settings > Apple Intelligence and Siri.
In addition, the Genmoji image generation AIhas also been improved, and the news notification digest has been disabled. This is perhaps for the best, given the recent hype about the feature from Apple. What about us?Yes, everything described above is indeed reserved for iPhones on the other side of the Atlantic. For us Europeans, iOS 18.3 only fixes a few bugs. The calculator app has also restored its old functionality (and allows you to repeat actions by pressing the equals sign multiple times), and the keyboard no longer disappears when invoking Siri.
So, in our case, we can clearly talk about small updates. Anyway, who said that iOS 18.3 is finally public, also said that the iOS 18.4 beta is coming. And this time, it should be the right choice for European smartphone AI! We will be detailing the Apple Intelligence features that you can try in advance in this version in the coming weeks.
In the meantime, why not go and see what the iPhone SE 4 will look like?

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